Changes in the Immune Phenotype and Gene Expression Profile Driven by a Novel Tuberculosis Nanovaccine: Short and Long-Term Post-immunization

Deciphering protection mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) remains a critical challenge for the development of new vaccines and therapies. We analyze phenotypic transcriptomic profile in lung novel (TB) nanoparticle-based boosting mucosal vaccine Nano-FP1, which combined to BCG priming conferred enhanced mice challenged with low-dose . analyzed efficacy at short (2 weeks), medium (7 weeks) long term (11 post-vaccination, compared it ineffective Nano-FP2 vaccine. observed several changes mouse environment by both nanovaccines, are lost shortly after boosting. Additional long-term (14 recovered partially cell populations profile, but not enough enhance infection. An increase total resident memory CD4 CD8 T cells, no pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, were correlated better protection. A unique gene expression pattern differentially expressed genes revealed potential pathways associated immune defense Our findings provide an insight into responses that need be considered when assessing effectiveness TB